Oficial skill on demand in Canada

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If you are applying to enter Canada as a Federal Skilled Worker and do not have a valid offer of arranged employment, you will need to have a year of continuous full-time or equivalent part-time paid work experience in at least one of the following eligible occupations within the last ten years:

0631 Restaurant and Food Service Managers
0811 Primary Production Managers (Except Agriculture)
1122 Professional Occupations in Business Services to Management (Cap reached)
1233 Insurance Adjusters and Claims Examiners
2121 Biologists and Related Scientists
2151 Architects
3111 Specialist Physicians
3112 General Practitioners and Family Physicians
3113 Dentists
3131 Pharmacists
3142 Physiotherapists
3152 Registered Nurses
3215 Medical Radiation Technologists
3222 Dental Hygienists & Dental Therapists
3233 Licensed Practical Nurses
4151 Psychologists
4152 Social Workers
6241 Chefs
6242 Cooks
7215 Contractors and Supervisors, Carpentry Trades
7216 Contractors and Supervisors, Mechanic Trades
7241 Electricians (Except Industrial & Power System)
7242 Industrial Electricians
7251 Plumbers
7265 Welders & Related Machine Operators
7312 Heavy-Duty Equipment Mechanics
7371 Crane Operators
7372 Drillers & Blasters - Surface Mining, Quarrying & Construction
8222 Supervisors, Oil and Gas Drilling and Service

Working as an engineer in Canada

Engineering in Canada is a regulated profession, meaning that by law you will need a licence to practice as an engineer. There are 12 licensing jurisdictions across Canada, and a licence is valid only within the jurisdiction from which it is granted. However, there are mobility agreements in place between these 12 associations.

Required criteria for working as an engineer

In order to sit the licence exam, you must fulfil certain criteria. The actual criteria differ slightly between provinces so it is best to check with the jurisdiction where you intend to live and work. But as a general guideline, the following is expected:

• It is not possible to become licensed as an engineer prior to migrating to Canada, as you must be either a citizen or hold permanent resident status.
• You must possess a recognised degree, and should provide the relevant association with as much information as possible on your qualifications.
• You must have completed a minimum of three to four years of engineering work. This depends on the association, but it is usually required that at least one year be in a Canadian environment.
• You need to pass a professional practice exam, which is held once or twice a year – again depending on the association.
• You must be of good character and reputation (i.e. no criminal convictions).
• You must be proficient in either of Canada's recognised languages, French or English.

Starting the licensing application

Certain parts of Canada will allow you to commence the licensing application before you migrate. If you intend moving to Québec or Ontario, it is worthwhile speaking to the respective associations prior to moving.
You may work in Canada doing engineering-related work, but only if a Canadian-registered engineer accepts responsibility for the work you complete. You can register as an engineer-in-training with the association in your area. They will provide you with help and resources to assist with any queries you may have.

Legislation that may affect you

You should exercise caution, as it is illegal for a non-licensed engineer to approve plans or provide ‘engineering’ services to the public. There is other legislation that can affect your role as an engineer, so in the first instance it would be wise to seek employment with a reputable company aware of all the laws and requirements governing this field.

Point of contact

A very useful first point of contact for all professionals considering immigrating to Canada is the Foreign Credentials Referral Office. This department will help you in your quest for employment. The services it offers include a recognition service for foreign degrees and other professional qualifications.

Canada seeks skilled health professionals

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Here is a partial list of medical fields and positions that are open to applicants for migration:

• Surgeons
• Phlebotomists
• Pharmacists
• Optometrists
• Ophthalmologists
• Cardiac specialists
• Paediatricians
• Obstetricians
• Ob/Gyns
• Dental surgeons
• Dentists
• Dental assistants
• Pathologists
• Lab workers
• Radiologists
• Radiologic technologists
• Audiologists
• Physical therapists
• Respiration therapists
• Psychiatrists
• Psychologists
• Midwives
• Anaesthesiologists
• Chiropractors
• Medical secretaries
• Medical transcriptionists
• Medical billing and coding
• Dieticians
• Podiatrists
• Massage therapists
• Home care workers
• Paramedics
• Rehab specialists
• Dermatologists
• Osteopaths

Foreign applicants are expected to apply with specific medical skills and experience, generally as skilled migrants. They must also have a job offer in Canada. They will be given tests to ascertain that their education levels and medical skills meet the requirements of the Canadian health care system. They will also have to demonstrate a functional aptitude with English and/or French.
With domestic labour dwindling rapidly due to retirements, and with fewer experienced replacements available, admitting qualified foreign medical personnel into Canada is essential to the health and well-being of all Canadians. Immigrants, both temporary and permanent, will constitute a large portion of the labour force of Canada's future.

SkillSelect: Skilled Migrant Program

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Effective 1 July 2012, the SkillSelect model is one of the biggest changes to the Australian immigration system in years.

Under this skilled migrant selection model, Australia moves to a system similar to that used by New Zealand, and based upon an Expression of Interest (EOI).
SkillSelect - what it entails

• People applying for a Skilled Migrant visa will first have to register their claims for skilled migration through an online EOI.
• Before lodging an EOI, applicants must first have gained the miniumum 65 points on the Points Test; have had their skills assessed and have passed the required English language test.
• Receiving a pass mark does not guarantee that an applicant will be invited to apply for a visa, as Australian Immigration makes the final decision. 
• If аn invitation іѕ nοt received within 2 years, thе EOI wіll lapse.
• Applicants will be permitted tο update thеіr EOI аt аnу time during the 2 year period аnd wіll hаνе thе option tο renew thеіr EOI аftеr 2 years.
• Quotas will also be introduced for occupations and once the caps are reached, applications for that particular occupation will be closed off until the following year.

Other changes effective 1 July 2012 include:

• A new online service connecting Australian employers with potential skilled migrants
• Streamlining of the pathway to permanent residence for people already working in Australia on temporary skilled 457 visas.
• The employer nomination scheme and the regional sponsored migration scheme will be integrated with the new skilled migrant selection register, SkillSelect.  
• There will be a fast-tracked pathway from the 457 visa to permanent residence under the employer-sponsored visa program, enabling skilled migrants to settle and work in regional and metropolitan Australia.

It will be compulsory to submit an expression of interest (EOI) for the following visa programs:

Subclass 189 Skilled – Independent (Permanent) (Class SI)
Subclass 190 Skilled – Sponsored (Permanent) (Class SK)
Subclass 489 – Regional Sponsored (Provisional) (Class SP)
Business Skills visa program.

It is optional (although highly recommended) to submit an EOI for the following visa programs:

Subclass 186 – Employer Nomination Scheme (ENS) (Class EN)
Subclass 187 – Regional Sponsored Migration Scheme (RSMS) (Class RN)
Subclass 457 – Temporary Business (Long Stay) (Class UC)

Australian Immigration Minister Chris Bowen said the new model for selecting skilled migrants would "better target Australia's future skill needs", and deliver stronger outcomes for employers who weren’t able to fill their skilled positions locally.

There will be 129,250 places in the skilled migrant stream in 2012-13, an increase of 3,400 places.